Once you have the hang of a programming language, adapting to other languages can be quite easy. They all have the same process... my view of them would be like this.... *warning, off the top of my head could be a little off*
Variable, can be number or string (string is anything that isn't a number)...
Function or Method, the thing that holds the arguments. You call a function to do the task at hand.
Arguments, A set of rules to follow to perform the task.
The only languages that do not follow these procedures... is CSS and HTML, cause they are for a different purpose ... off the top of my head...
I haven't done PHP or MYSQL yet... will have a go at them over the Christmas Holidays